FROM ALIEN PROPHETS TO DOOMSDAY BUNKERS: Inside the World of Modern Cults

They promise enlightenment — but deliver isolation, fear, and control. Cults aren’t just ancient history or horror movie fodder — they’re thriving in today’s world, often in plain sight.

As heard in this Weird Darkness episode:

They walk among us — not in hoods or hiding behind high walls, but often in plain sight: in city apartments, desert enclaves, mountain monasteries, and suburban strip malls. From groups claiming to channel extraterrestrials to enclaves preparing for nuclear war, modern cults don’t always look the part — but they’re still out there, and thriving. Some offer spiritual evolution through sacred sound; others promise paradise in a flying city orbiting Orion. Many blend bits of ancient faiths, mysticism, conspiracy, and charisma — all under the watchful eyes of leaders who declare themselves gods, prophets, or divine mouthpieces. And whether it’s through shame, fear, or seduction, they know exactly how to keep their followers loyal… and quiet.

Tonight, we’ll explore a sprawling world of belief and control, examining not only the fringe groups themselves — from the eerie stillness of Manhattan’s Congregation for the Light to the isolated bunkers of the Church Universal and Triumphant — but also the people who get drawn in, and why. We’ll attempt, at least in a small way, to peel back the surface of some of these groups to reveal how these cults grow, recruit, and manipulate, feeding on loneliness, crisis, and the universal craving for certainty in a chaotic world. Some groups fade with time. Others adapt. All of them, in their own way, challenge what we think we know about free will, faith, and just how far people will go when they believe they’ve found the truth.

What Makes a Cult a Cult?

Most cults share common traits — strict control, charismatic leaders, and an “us vs. them” mindset.

There are groups living in the corners of the modern world, mostly removed from the mainstream, which researchers and the general public alike find both fascinating and bewildering. Despite living in the information age, these organizations — widely known as cults by experts — continue to woo adherents. These secretive groups… who are they? What do they believe and do? Before looking at individual groups, we should look at the overarching characteristics of a cult. And while there is no one size fits all approach, many organizations have several similar attributes. They usually have a charismatic leader with a claim to special knowledge or powers. Their ideology offers special or sole access to truth or salvation. They set hard and fast rules for members that often do not apply to the cult leaders making the rules. Members are typically cut off from the outside world, and have their personal lives and decisions controlled. Many of these groups develop an “us versus them” mentality that regards outsiders as suspicious or even dangerous to their faith, beliefs, and lives. Many cults have financial patterns as well – members are usually asked to donate large sums of money or property, while leaders often live in luxury. In some cases, followers are required to donate everything they own to the group. This economic split is one of the strongest indicators of a cult.

Congregation for the Light

A secretive Manhattan-based cult mixing mysticism, racism, and esoteric doctrine — all behind an ordinary facade.

Despite what Hollywood might have you believe, not all cults are tucked away in secluded forests or hidden behind desert compounds. Some exist in the heart of civilization — walking among us in plain sight. That’s exactly the case with the Congregation for the Light, a little-known but deeply secretive group that operates out of Manhattan, blending quietly into the fast-paced rhythm of New York City life. Yet behind closed doors, they carry out rituals and enforce beliefs that critics say bear all the markings of a cult. Founded in the mid-20th century and maintaining a tight circle of around 200 members, the Congregation pushes a bizarre spiritual doctrine that mixes elements of Gnosticism, racial mysticism, and New Age esoterica. Their teachings touch on Aryan purity, the mythic lost city of Atlantis, and the symbolic power of owls — which they consider sacred and spiritually significant. Members are taught that the world is heading toward an inevitable cataclysm, a kind of spiritual doomsday they must prepare for. Even more concerning to outsiders are the group’s practices when it comes to medicine, relationships, and control. The Congregation teaches that illnesses such as cancer aren’t the result of genetics or environmental factors — but rather bad karma accumulated through past spiritual failings. This belief has led many members to avoid conventional medical treatments in favor of the group’s esoteric healing methods, which has alarmed family members and public health experts alike. Matchmaking is also a central tenet — but not the kind you’d find on dating apps. The group actively pairs off its members, often marrying young women to much older men in arrangements said to be “spiritually guided.” Critics say this is less about divine insight and more about maintaining control over female members from a young age. Once inside, leaving isn’t easy. Those who exit the group are shunned — entirely cut off by friends and family still within the Congregation, sometimes overnight. Many of the group’s members were born into the faith and have known no other way of life. With little access to outside ideas or modern culture, they’re raised in a cloistered environment that encourages loyalty to the group above all else. Dissent isn’t just discouraged — it’s often erased entirely through silence and severed ties. Adding to the controversy is how the group sustains itself financially. While some funding comes from members’ tithes or private donations, a significant portion of its income is reported to come from the estates of deceased followers. The Congregation has been accused of pressuring elderly or terminally ill members to leave their inheritances to the group, raising serious ethical and legal questions that remain largely un-investigated due to the organization’s private nature and legal protections as a religious entity. Though they don’t wear robes or chant in public parks, and there are no obvious compounds to raid, the Congregation for the Light thrives in the shadows of Manhattan — an urban cult hiding in plain sight, where the real power is in isolation, indoctrination, and the subtle erasure of individual will.

Raëlian Movement

A UFO religion preaching that humans were created by aliens and seeking immortality through cloning.

The Raëlian Movement, founded in 1974 by Claude Vorilhon—now known as Raël—is a new religious movement that combines beliefs in extraterrestrial origins of humanity, an embrace of modern science and technology, and unconventional social practices. Central to Raëlian doctrine is the claim that life on Earth was scientifically created by an advanced alien species called the Elohim. Raëlians believe that the Elohim have historically been misinterpreted as gods, and that figures like Jesus, Buddha, and Muhammad were actually prophets sent by the Elohim to guide humanity. A distinctive aspect of Raëlian belief is the pursuit of human immortality through cloning. In 1997, the movement established Clonaid, a company aimed at developing human cloning technologies. Clonaid gained international attention in 2002 when its chief executive, Brigitte Boisselier, announced the birth of a cloned human baby named Eve. However, no scientific evidence was provided to substantiate this claim, leading to widespread skepticism and ethical debates within the scientific community. The Raëlian Movement advocates for a liberal approach to sexuality, promoting open sexual expression and experimentation. This includes practices such as “sensual meditation,” which encourages followers to connect deeply with the universe through guided meditation and visualization techniques. Additionally, the movement has been involved in various controversial initiatives. For instance, Clitoraid, an organization founded by the Raëlians, aims to assist victims of female genital mutilation by providing restorative surgeries. While this humanitarian effort has garnered some support, it has also faced criticism and regulatory challenges.

Builders of the Adytum (B.O.T.A.)

A Western mystery school focused on Tarot, Qabalah, and personal spiritual evolution — without overt coercion.

The Builders of the Adytum (B.O.T.A.) is a modern Mystery School founded in 1922 by Dr. Paul Foster Case. It is dedicated to the study and practice of the Western mystery tradition, encompassing disciplines such as the Holy Qabalah, the Sacred Tarot, astrology, and alchemy. B.O.T.A. offers a comprehensive curriculum designed to facilitate spiritual evolution through graded lessons and meditative practices. The organization’s teachings are disseminated globally via correspondence courses, allowing individuals worldwide to engage with the material at their own pace. Members receive weekly lessons covering topics like Tarot, Qabalah, Gematria, Astrology, and Alchemy. These lessons aim to guide aspirants toward higher consciousness and self-realization. B.O.T.A. emphasizes the practical application of its teachings in daily life. Through study, meditation, and ritual practices, members work towards personal enlightenment and self-transmutation. The organization asserts that sincere effort in these areas can lead to direct knowledge of one’s spiritual path and purpose. Unlike more controlling groups, B.O.T.A. focuses on individual spiritual development without coercive practices. It provides resources such as books and lessons based on its teachings but does not exhibit behaviors typical of more sinister organizations. The daily life of the Western aspirant is considered their schoolroom, meditation place, and alchemical laboratory, emphasizing personal responsibility in the spiritual journey. B.O.T.A. has a global presence, with study groups and regional activities in various countries, including the United States, Canada, Europe, and New Zealand. These groups offer members opportunities to participate in group rituals, meditations, and discussions, fostering a sense of community among practitioners. Overall, the Builders of the Adytum serves as a platform for individuals seeking to deepen their understanding of esoteric traditions and engage in personal spiritual growth through the study and practice of the Western mysteries.

Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS)

A breakaway Mormon sect known for its polygamous practices, rigid control, and convicted prophet-leader.

The Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS) is a religious sect that emerged in the early 20th century, diverging from mainstream Mormonism primarily over the continued practice of polygamy. While the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) officially renounced polygamy in 1890, groups like the FLDS maintained the practice, leading to their separation from the main church body. Founded around 1935 in the communities of Short Creek, Arizona (now Colorado City) and Hildale, Utah, the FLDS was established by leaders such as John Y. Barlow and Joseph White Musser. The sect upholds doctrines including plural marriage (polygymy), which they believe is essential for exaltation in the afterlife. This belief system has led to complex marital structures within the community. The FLDS community is notably insular, with leadership exerting significant control over members’ lives. This includes assigning marriages, often involving underage girls, and reassigning wives and children if men are deemed unworthy. Such practices have raised serious ethical and legal concerns. Warren Jeffs became the leader of the FLDS in 2002 after the death of his father, Rulon Jeffs. His tenure has been marked by controversy, including allegations and convictions related to arranging marriages between adult men and underage girls. In 2011, Jeffs was convicted of aggravated sexual assault and sentenced to life in prison. Despite his incarceration, reports suggest he continues to influence the FLDS community from prison. The FLDS has faced numerous legal challenges, particularly concerning the practice of polygamy and allegations of child abuse. In 2008, a significant raid on the FLDS’s YFZ Ranch in Texas led to the removal of over 400 children due to concerns over underage marriages and abuse. While many children were later returned, the event highlighted the intense scrutiny the group faces. Estimates suggest that the FLDS has between 6,000 to 10,000 members, primarily residing in rural communities along the Utah-Arizona border. The group maintains a strong presence in towns like Colorado City, Arizona, and Hildale, Utah, where they exert considerable influence. Leadership disputes and legal pressures have led to internal divisions and a decline in membership over recent years.

Supreme Master Ching Hai

A globe-trotting spiritual leader with millions of vegan followers, art sales, and a trail of legal controversy.

Supreme Master Ching Hai, born Hue Dang Trinh in Vietnam on May 12, 1950, is a spiritual leader, entrepreneur, and artist. Raised in a Catholic household, she also learned Buddhist principles from her grandmother. Her early exposure to diverse religious teachings sparked a lifelong spiritual quest. She pursued studies in Europe and worked for the Red Cross in Germany, where she married a German scientist. After two years, with her husband’s consent, she left the marriage to seek enlightenment. Ching Hai’s spiritual journey led her to the Himalayas, where she claims to have attained complete enlightenment through the Quan Yin Method, a meditation technique focusing on inner light and sound. In 1983, she was ordained as a Buddhist nun in Taiwan under the name “Thanh Hai,” meaning “pure ocean.” By 1988, she established the “Ching Hai Meditation Association,” attracting a significant following. Her organization, the Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association, reports millions of followers worldwide. Members adhere to a vegan diet, practice regular meditation, and follow five ethical precepts. Ching Hai has leveraged her influence to promote environmental awareness and veganism, notably through the establishment of the Loving Hut chain of vegan restaurants and the Celestial Shop, which sells her fashion designs and artworks. Despite her humanitarian efforts, Ching Hai has faced controversies. In 1996, her followers donated $640,000 to President Bill Clinton’s legal defense fund; the contributions were returned due to concerns about their sources. In 2003, authorities discovered an illegally constructed island and boardwalk in Florida’s Biscayne National Park, linked to her property. The estimated $1 million restoration cost led to the seizure of her property to fund environmental repairs. Ching Hai’s organization has also been scrutinized by governments. In 1996, Taiwanese authorities investigated her group for alleged fundraising improprieties, including the transfer of $2 million out of the country. In China, her movement was labeled an “evil cult” and banned in 1995. Beyond her spiritual teachings, Ching Hai is recognized for her artistic endeavors, including fashion and jewelry design, painting, and poetry. Her creations are sold through her organization’s channels, with proceeds reportedly supporting her humanitarian initiatives.

Happy Science

A Japanese movement that blends religion and politics, claiming its founder was the latest incarnation of god.

Happy Science, known as Kōfuku-no-Kagaku (and I’m probably butchering the pronunciation) in Japanese, is a new religious movement founded in 1986 by Ryuho Okawa, a former businessman. The organization claims a global membership of approximately 11 million, though independent estimates suggest significantly lower numbers. Central to Happy Science’s doctrine is the worship of a deity named El Cantare, whom followers believe to be the supreme god of Earth. According to the teachings, El Cantare has manifested in various historical figures, including Hermes, Shakyamuni Buddha, and, most recently, Ryuho Okawa himself. The organization’s teachings emphasize the “Fourfold Path,” which consists of principles aimed at achieving happiness: love that gives, wisdom, self-reflection, and progress. Members are encouraged to practice these principles to attain enlightenment and contribute to the creation of a utopian society. In 2009, Happy Science established a political arm known as the Happiness Realization Party (HRP). The HRP advocates for policies such as constitutional revisions to bolster Japan’s self-defense capabilities, economic revitalization through infrastructure development, and a more assertive stance in international relations. The party identifies as conservative and has been involved in various electoral campaigns, though it has yet to secure significant representation in Japan’s government. Happy Science has faced criticism and skepticism, with some labeling it a cult due to its unconventional beliefs and practices. Critics have questioned the veracity of Okawa’s claims of divinity and the organization’s aggressive expansion tactics. Additionally, the HRP’s political positions, such as denying historical events like the Nanjing Massacre, have sparked controversy and drawn criticism both domestically and internationally. As of March 2023, Ryuho Okawa passed away, leaving the leadership of Happy Science in transition. The organization continues to operate globally, promoting its spiritual teachings and engaging in political activities through the HRP. The future direction of Happy Science remains uncertain as it navigates leadership changes and ongoing public scrutiny.

Eckankar

A spiritual group focused on soul travel and divine sound, but dogged by accusations of plagiarism.

Eckankar, established in 1965 by Paul Twitchell, is a new religious movement that integrates elements from various Eastern philosophies, meditation techniques, and original spiritual teachings. The organization is currently headquartered in Chanhassen, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. Central to Eckankar’s teachings is the belief that Soul, the true self, is eternal and exists because of God’s love. Practitioners aim for spiritual enlightenment through personal experiences, notably via “Soul Travel,” which involves shifting consciousness to explore higher planes of existence. A primary technique employed is the chanting of “HU,” regarded as a sacred sound and “a love song to God,” intended to facilitate a closer connection with the Divine. Eckankar operates as a nonprofit religious organization, offering a range of books, study materials, and spiritual discourses authored by its founder and subsequent leaders. These materials are available for purchase, contributing to the organization’s revenue. Members often adopt spiritual names upon initiation and utilize a specialized lexicon unique to the movement. Paul Twitchell’s writings have faced allegations of plagiarism. Critics argue that Twitchell incorporated substantial content from other authors without proper attribution. For instance, David C. Lane, a scholar of new religious movements, has documented numerous instances where Twitchell’s work closely mirrors or directly copies earlier publications. Additionally, discussions within various forums have highlighted multiple examples of such appropriation. Despite these controversies, Eckankar continues to attract followers worldwide.

Church Universal and Triumphant

Blending New Age and apocalyptic prophecy, CUT once built bunkers in Montana for the end of the world.

The Church Universal and Triumphant (CUT) is a religious organization that emerged in 1975 as an evolution of The Summit Lighthouse, which was founded in 1958 by Mark L. Prophet. Following Mark’s death in 1973, his wife, Elizabeth Clare Prophet, assumed leadership and established CUT to address the spiritual needs of an expanding community of seekers. CUT’s teachings are an amalgamation of various religious and philosophical traditions, including elements from Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Theosophy. Central to its doctrine is the belief in “Ascended Masters,” spiritually enlightened beings who have transcended the physical plane and now guide humanity’s spiritual evolution. Elizabeth Clare Prophet and her husband claimed to receive communications from these entities, delivering messages intended to assist followers on their path to enlightenment. The church also incorporates millenarian views, anticipating significant global transformations and advocating for spiritual preparedness among its members. Practices such as affirmations and decrees are integral to CUT’s spiritual regimen, aimed at mitigating negative karma and attuning individuals to divine light. In the late 1980s, under Elizabeth Clare Prophet’s guidance, CUT adopted a survivalist stance, anticipating imminent global cataclysms, including nuclear war. The church acquired extensive land holdings in Montana, notably near Yellowstone National Park, where members constructed underground bunkers to withstand the anticipated disasters. Many followers reportedly invested significant resources into building these shelters or securing spots within the community, leading to financial strain for some. The group’s activities attracted scrutiny and legal challenges, including allegations related to the accumulation of weapons and the use of coercive practices to maintain member compliance. Reports surfaced accusing the church of employing sleep deprivation techniques to dissuade members from leaving, further intensifying public and governmental concern. Elizabeth Clare Prophet’s health began to decline in the late 1990s due to Alzheimer’s disease, leading to her retirement from active leadership. She passed away on October 15, 2009, in Bozeman, Montana. Following her death, CUT experienced internal disputes and a decrease in membership. While the organization continues to operate, its influence has waned, with only small groups of followers remaining active.

Twelve Tribes (Vine Christian Community Church)

A Messianic group aiming to restore early Christianity — but dogged by child labor, education, and abuse allegations.

The Twelve Tribes, originally known as the Vine Christian Community Church, was founded in 1972 in Chattanooga, Tennessee, by Elbert Eugene “Gene” Spriggs, who later adopted the name Yoneq. The formation of this group was influenced by a disagreement within a local Presbyterian church, reportedly sparked when a service was canceled to allow congregants to watch the Super Bowl. This incident led Spriggs to establish a community aiming to emulate the early Christian church as depicted in the Book of Acts. The Twelve Tribes identifies as a Messianic community, integrating beliefs from both the Old and New Testaments. Members strive to recreate the communal living and shared possessions characteristic of early Christian communities. They observe Jewish festivals such as Pesach (Passover), Yom Kippur, and Sukkot, and incorporate practices like Israeli folk dances and Bar Mitzvah celebrations for their youth. Despite these Jewish observances, the group holds controversial views regarding Jewish responsibility for the death of Jesus, leading to accusations of antisemitism. Deriving its name from the biblical concept of the twelve tribes of Israel, the group aims to establish twelve self-governing communities worldwide, which they believe fulfills biblical prophecy and prepares for the end times. Members live communally, sharing possessions and responsibilities, and often adopt Hebrew names upon joining. The Twelve Tribes operates various businesses, including the Yellow Deli restaurants and Common Ground Café, to support their communities financially. The Twelve Tribes has faced multiple allegations and legal challenges over the years. In 2018, the New York State Department of Labor investigated the group for child labor violations after reports surfaced of children as young as nine working in their soap and lotion manufacturing operations. Additionally, the group has been accused of exploiting members for free labor under the guise of religious devotion. Internationally, the Twelve Tribes has encountered legal issues related to child welfare and education. In Germany, police raided two communities in 2013, removing 40 children due to allegations of child abuse. The group has also faced scrutiny for its homeschooling practices, which conflict with local education laws in various countries. Despite these controversies, the Twelve Tribes continues to operate communities worldwide, with an estimated membership of 2,500 to 3,000 individuals. The group’s commitment to communal living, shared beliefs, and self-sustaining enterprises persists, even as they navigate ongoing legal and social challenges. In summary, the Twelve Tribes is a religious movement seeking to emulate early Christian communal living. While they maintain a presence in various countries, their practices have led to significant legal scrutiny and public controversy.

Apostles of Infinite Love

An ultra-traditional Catholic sect with rival popes, secretive rituals, and major legal troubles in Canada.

The Apostles of Infinite Love is an independent religious group headquartered near Mont-Tremblant, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1962 by French priest Michel Collin, who declared himself “Pope Clement XV,” the organization integrates elements of traditional Catholicism with unique doctrines and practices. Michel Collin, born in 1905 in France, was ordained a Catholic priest in 1935. In 1950, he reported a vision in which God the Father crowned him with a papal tiara, leading him to proclaim himself Pope Clement XV. Collin established the Order of the Magnificat of the Mother of God, later known as the Apostles of Infinite Love, aiming to preserve traditional Catholic faith against perceived modernist threats. In 1961, Collin collaborated with Canadian Jean-Gaston Tremblay, who had founded the Congregation of Jesus and Mary in Quebec. The following year, Collin consecrated Tremblay as a bishop. By 1968, Tremblay claimed to have been mystically appointed as Pope Gregory XVII, leading to internal conflicts and Collin’s eventual acknowledgment of Tremblay’s papal claim in 1969. The group emphasizes adherence to traditional Catholic teachings and practices, positioning itself as a guardian of authentic faith amidst modern changes in the Roman Catholic Church. Members live communally at the Monastery of Magnificat of the Mother of God in St. Jovite, Quebec, dedicating themselves to prayer, work, and the preservation of their religious traditions. Throughout its history, the Apostles of Infinite Love have faced numerous allegations, including claims of abuse, illegal detention, and child labor violations. In 1999, a significant police operation involving approximately 100 officers raided their monastery in St. Jovite, targeting leaders such as Tremblay and Reynald Huot (also known as Father André). However, in 2001, the public prosecutor dropped all charges, citing procedural issues. The group’s practices have also led to social services intervening to remove children from the community, citing concerns over their upbringing and welfare. Additionally, in 2005, the city of Brébeuf obtained a decree to expropriate the group’s land, further complicating their operations. Following the death of Jean-Gaston Tremblay in 2011, leadership transitioned to an individual known as Father Mathurin, who took the papal name Gregory XVIII. Despite these leadership changes and ongoing controversies, the Apostles of Infinite Love continue to maintain a presence in Quebec and other locations worldwide.

The Brethren (Body of Christ)

A wandering Christian sect rejecting modern life while awaiting the apocalypse — and drawing concern from families.

The Brethren, also known as the “Body of Christ,” “Brothers and Sisters,” or pejoratively as the “Garbage Eaters,” is a nomadic religious group that emerged in the early 1970s from the Jesus Movement. Founded by Jimmie T. “Jim” Roberts, the group is characterized by its apocalyptic beliefs and ascetic lifestyle. Members of the Brethren adhere to a strict interpretation of Christian teachings, emphasizing severe asceticism and the rejection of worldly possessions. They believe that renouncing material goods purifies them in preparation for the imminent end of the world. Living itinerant lives, members often perform odd jobs for sustenance and avoid modern conveniences, medical care, and even basic hygiene. The group enforces strict gender separation, prohibits activities such as dancing and laughing until the return of Jesus, and discourages contact with family members outside the group. Jim Roberts, also known as “Brother Evangelist” or “The Elder,” led the group from its inception until his death in 2015. Under his leadership, the Brethren became increasingly secretive, with members adopting new names and severing ties with their families. Roberts maintained control over the group through indirect communication methods, often avoiding direct contact with most members. The Brethren have faced criticism and concern from families and the public due to their secretive nature and the sudden disappearance of individuals who join the group. The group’s practice of retrieving discarded food led to the nickname “Garbage Eaters.” Families of members have formed support networks, such as The Roberts Group Parents Network, to locate and reconnect with their loved ones. Following Jim Roberts’ death in 2015 from cancer, leadership reportedly transitioned to Jerry Williams, known within the group as “Brother Hatsair,” along with three other elders. The group’s future direction remains uncertain, but they continue to practice their beliefs, awaiting the anticipated return of Jesus.

House of Yahweh

A Texas-based apocalyptic group with failed prophecies, legal issues, and a leader once charged with bigamy.

The House of Yahweh is a religious organization founded in 1980 by Yisrayl Hawkins, born Buffalo Bill Hawkins, in Eula, Texas. Hawkins, originally from rural Oklahoma, established the group after a purported seven-year spiritual journey to Israel, during which he claimed to have received divine revelations. The organization blends elements of end-times theology, Hebrew mysticism, and selected aspects of Christianity. The House of Yahweh incorporates certain Christian teachings, such as the belief in the resurrection, while rejecting others, notably the concept of the Trinity. Members adhere to Jewish dietary laws and observe Old Testament festivals. Central to their doctrine are the apocalyptic prophecies espoused by Hawkins, who positioned himself as a prophetic figure. Over the years, Hawkins issued multiple apocalyptic predictions that did not materialize: In a 1999 documentary, Hawkins predicted that four-fifths of the world’s population would be wiped out between 1999 and mid-2002. On September 12, 2006, Hawkins forecasted the onset of nuclear war. When it did not occur, he adjusted the timeline, suggesting a symbolic “conception” of nuclear conflict, with “birth” expected nine months later. Of course, it didn’t happen. On June 12, 2008, another prediction set this date for the beginning of nuclear war, which also failed to transpire. Despite these inaccuracies, Hawkins continued to revise his timelines and disseminate survival guidance through books and videos. The House of Yahweh and its members have faced various legal challenges. In 2008, Hawkins was arrested and charged with bigamy and child labor violations. He later pleaded no contest to child labor charges, resulting in probation and a fine; the bigamy charges were dropped. In 2007, Yedidiyah Hawkins, an elder in the organization, was convicted of aggravated sexual assault of his stepdaughter and sentenced to 30 years in prison. Additionally, the group’s discouragement of medical treatment has been linked to preventable deaths among members, raising further concerns about its practices. Yisrayl Hawkins led the House of Yahweh until his death on October 8, 2021, at the age of 87. His passing left questions regarding the organization’s future direction and leadership. The House of Yahweh remains a subject of scrutiny due to its controversial teachings, failed prophecies, and legal entanglements. Despite these issues, the group continues to attract followers drawn to its unique blend of religious doctrines and apocalyptic forecasts.

United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors

A bizarre mix of Black nationalism, UFO beliefs, and Egyptian iconography — all tied to a now-imprisoned leader.

The United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors, commonly known as the Nuwaubian Nation, is a religious movement founded by Dwight York, also known as Malachi Z. York. Established in the early 1970s, the group has undergone numerous transformations, incorporating elements from various religious and esoteric traditions. The Nuwaubian belief system is eclectic, blending aspects of Christianity, ancient Egyptian symbolism, African rituals, and UFO theories. Central to their doctrine is the prophecy that 144,000 chosen individuals will be transported to a flying city, journey through the universe to the constellation Orion, and prepare for a final battle against evil forces. This unique amalgamation attracted followers from urban hip-hop communities and rural areas alike. Over time, the group’s teachings expanded to include concepts related to cloning, racial hierarchies, government conspiracies, and linguistic origins. York’s teachings were known for their complexity and frequent shifts, often incorporating pseudoscientific theories and reinterpretations of historical events. In the 1990s, York relocated the group to Putnam County, Georgia, where they constructed an Egyptian-themed compound known as Tama-Re. This 476-acre settlement featured pyramids, sphinxes, and other structures reminiscent of ancient Egyptian architecture. The compound served as the group’s headquarters and was funded through donations from members. The organization began to unravel following York’s arrest in May 2002. He was charged with multiple counts, including transporting minors across state lines for sexual purposes, racketeering, and financial violations. In 2004, York was convicted and sentenced to 135 years in federal prison. Subsequently, the Tama-Re compound was seized and demolished by the government. While the group’s prominence has significantly diminished, some followers continue to practice Nuwaubian beliefs in smaller, scattered communities. As of 2024, remnants of the Nuwaubian Nation persist, with some members maintaining properties such as the Bushwick, Brooklyn compound, which functions as a bookstore and place of worship under the name “United Sabaeans Worldwide.” Despite York’s imprisonment, his teachings continue to influence these communities.

Church of Bible Understanding (Forever Family)

A carpet-cleaning cult with profitable antique stores, orphanages in Haiti — and a troubling history of neglect.

The Church of Bible Understanding (COBU), originally known as the Forever Family, was founded in 1971 by Stewart Traill in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Traill, after a conversion experience, began teaching Bible studies and developed a following that led to the establishment of COBU. COBU is characterized by its communal lifestyle and unique interpretations of evangelical Christianity. Members were encouraged to relinquish personal possessions and income to the group, emphasizing communal living and shared resources. Traill positioned himself as the sole interpreter of biblical teachings, leading to an authoritarian structure within the organization. To support its activities, COBU initiated several business ventures. There is the Christian Brothers Carpet Cleaning service – a carpet-cleaning business that reportedly inspired a plotline in the television show “Seinfeld.” And then the business named “Olde Good Things” – a chain of retail stores specializing in architectural salvage and antiques, primarily based in New York City. In 2017, these stores generated approximately $6.8 million, which was funneled to COBU. COBU has faced significant criticism over the years. The organization has been accused of targeting vulnerable young individuals, urging them to sever ties with their families and contribute the majority of their income to the group. And, while promoting asceticism among members, Traill reportedly led a life of relative luxury, leading to allegations of hypocrisy and exploitation. Since 1977, COBU has operated orphanages in Haiti. Despite raising substantial funds, the facilities have been criticized for substandard conditions. In 2013, the Associated Press reported that COBU’s orphanages were overcrowded and unsanitary, despite the organization claiming to spend around $2.5 million annually on these facilities. Then in February 2020, a fire at one of COBU’s orphanages resulted in the deaths of 15 children. Investigations revealed that the facility was unlicensed and had been using candles due to generator issues, highlighting severe neglect. Stewart Traill passed away in 2018. Following his death, the future direction of COBU remains uncertain. The organization’s activities, particularly in Haiti, continue to draw scrutiny and criticism. The Church of Bible Understanding has a complex history marked by controversial practices, business ventures, and humanitarian efforts that have often fallen short of acceptable standards.

What Draws People to Cults?

Personal crisis, emotional vulnerability, and the promise of belonging all play a role.

People often find themselves drawn to cults or extreme groups due to a mix of psychological, social, and situational factors. Understanding these influences helps explain their vulnerability — and can highlight red flags to watch for.

Many individuals are recruited during periods of personal crisis or existential questioning, when they’re seeking clarity, purpose, or a sense of belonging. Cults often offer what feels like exclusive knowledge and a clear direction, promising meaning in a chaotic world. For someone feeling isolated or lost, the instant community and structured worldview can be incredibly appealing.

Certain life events — like losing a loved one, going through a divorce, or facing unemployment — can leave people searching for comfort or answers, making them more open to manipulation. Emotional struggles like anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem may also draw people toward groups that seem to offer acceptance, purpose, and strict guidance.

There are warning signs that can help people recognize when a group may be harmful. Be wary of leaders who claim to be uniquely enlightened or demand total obedience. Groups that isolate members from family and friends, discourage critical thinking, or retaliate against those who question or leave are major red flags. Watch out for doomsday prophecies used to create fear and urgency, as well as financial exploitation disguised as spiritual commitment.

At their core, destructive groups thrive by offering simple answers to complex problems — but often at a steep personal cost.

Christianity – What’s the Difference?

Unlike cults that demand followers earn salvation, Christianity teaches that God comes seeking us — not the other way around.

After researching all of these cults, I started wondering about my own faith – Christianity. While some cults do claim they believe in Jesus and God, what makes true Christianity different?

The difference between these cults – actually, between any religion in the world, compared to Christianity can be summarized in two words: Jesus Christ. He is the center and foundation of the Christian faith, and He also is the reason why Christianity is different from all the other religions that people follow.

Let me explain it this way. All religions have one thing in common: the followers are all searching for God (even if they don’t call Him God, or they think there may be many gods and goddesses, or they think the leader they are following actually is God). They do this in a multitude of ways, but they’re all trying to find God and gain His favor by their sacrifices and good deeds.

But Christianity is different. Instead of us searching for God, as followers of all of these cults have done – in true Christianity, God is searching for us! Instead of us reaching up to God, God is reaching down to us! This is why Jesus is so important, because He came down from Heaven to do for us what we could never do for ourselves: bring us to God. Cults will tell you that you have to do this and that to be saved, that you have to give to the community all you have, that you must worship the leader who is, in reality, flawed – as all human beings are. But God… the REAL God of the bible, is perfect and holy. Sadly, we are separated from Him by our sins. No matter how hard we try, we cannot erase the stain of sin by ourselves. No amount of flogging ourselves, giving our riches, starving ourselves, going without sleep, engaging in immoral acts because a cult leader says to do it… NONE of that will erase our sins. And you can’t get into heaven if you aren’t perfect. But by His death and resurrection, Christ did this for us. He paid for our sins. He wiped our souls clean so we can enter the kingdom of heaven. Through his sacrifice, we are made perfect. That’s the only way to enter into God’s presence in eternity. Is it narrow minded to say Jesus is the only way? You bet. But then, Jesus himself says in Matthew 7:13-14… “Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to destruction, and many enter through it. But small is the gate and narrow the road that leads to life, and only a few find it.”